flat tax bill Essay -- essays research papers

106th CongressIN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES___________________________Introduced the following bill in which was referred to the Committee on _______________A BILLTo tax income formerly and only once at a angiotensin converting enzyme rate.1. Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 2. United States of America in Congress assembled.3. SECTION 1. THE TITLE4. This Act may be cited as the Flat Tax Bill.5. SECTION 2. THE BILL6. The flat tax replaces the current income tax code, which is very 7. complex, with a system so simple Americans could stick their taxes on a 8. form the size of a postcard. What exactly is a flat tax? A flat tax sets 9. into place a single tax rate on all income subject to tax. The hundreds of 10. exemptions, credits, loopholes and deductions now in the tax system 11. would be eliminated to make the single tax rate as low as possible. The 12. cost of using the current tax system totals about $200 billion annually, 13. or $700 for e very man, woman, and child in America. A flat tax would 14. reduce those totals by 94% , saving taxpayers more than $100 15. BILLION in compliance costs each year. Even with the trim back tax 16. rate, it is still possible to provide revenue to cover the cost of 17. government. America has the right to demand that our tax system be 18. profitable, efficient, and allow our kingdom to reach its peak economic 19. growth potential. The flat tax system would end un...

Drug Abuse in Nigeria Essays -- Nigerian Society Illegal Narcotics

Drug Abuse in Nigeria Today, you only have to switch on your television, radio or open a newspaper or magazine to be aware that the structure of our society is being contaminated by the growing evil kick up of medicate abuse. Drug abuse, is one of the major problems in the Nigerian society. Actually, almost every country faces such problem today. A lot of measures are interpreted to struggle against drug abuse, and, definitely, some changes for the better are evident. However, this problem is not eliminated and perhaps, will never be completely stopped. The repetitive death of drug users today has become an everyday event, that most of us had used it. The numbers of the victims is more and more increasing rapidly in such a degree that makes us have fear on what our society will turn into. Prospectively, there was an alarming increase in drug abuse at our country. Many students lay down cocaine, heroine, hash, crack, and other drugs. Problem of drug abuse has made a way through the society. Overprotection some judgment of convictions makes a gateway for the beginning of drug abuse. The imitation of musicians and actors can lead many young people to drugs, as they are trying to look alike them. However, as we know, today this entire juvenile is all about being cool. This affects most young people and it is more obvious in places where there are many people, like in college. The society today has become a place where drugs are gotten easily in the college, whenever and whatever drug you want. Finally, a disappointment from a relationship or school, for example a fail in the finals, can be a good reason for those young people to turn into drugs. For this bad situation that exists in Nigeria today, many teachers and counselors have tried to let pe... ... the past 10 months.(p.19)In the 80s Nigerian citizens are caught on daily bases due to drug trafficking. At a moment like this what the country should do is to apply a policy that would reduce d rug trafficking. Another way to control this issue is to put roadblocks and checkpoints where power is common and also in airports and seaports. The N.D.L.E.A should also make sure that all pharmacies issue people drugs on prescription only. The problem of drug abuse is not something that can be controlled while sitting down, the country has to work together to prevent this harmful act. If the whole country will seek and use the acquaintance they have to fight drug abuse then the society would be a better place to live .Now that we know the effects of drug abuse, it is time to put our hands together as a family to fight drug abuse in Nigeria and all over the world.

Affirmative Action :: Affirmative Action Essays

The under representation of any racial group, it was decided, was evidence of discrimination?(Guernsey). Affirmative action did not start divulge as a abandon discrimination towards white males, but it was meant to help everybody, but failed nearly completely after a time of which it was affected. The original conception of affirmative action excluded any mention of preference. Launched during the late 1960s by the administration of President Richard M. Nixon, affirmative action programs call for guidelines and goals in the hiring of racial and cultural minorities, the handicapped, and women. They have been effective in promoting change in hiring practices because they have the weight of the federal government behind them. As a direct result, a broader fly the coop of opportunities have become available for blacks in government, the corporate world, and colleges and universities. In the beginning, the 1960s, when President Johnson used the affirmative action policy it was neces sary and effective. At that time thither was racial discrimination towards people of all black races in the United States of America, so it was a necessity to have such a law to make up equal opportunity, but this was also created to have a racially and gender blind solution. This has turned into a racially unequal program that now has a negative effect on society. Affirmative due to quotas and favoritism towards minorities have a negative effect on society and have created a reverse discrimination.     Many years ago in that respect was a mistreatment of blacks and other minorities. During much of American history, it was generally accepted by white people that blacks were not the alike kind of human beings as whites and that slavery was the proper role for black people(Guernsey). People were not permitted to attend certain schools due to their color.? There were separate feeding facilities, bathrooms, parks, and drinking fountains for them as well. The firs t legal sign that the mistreatment of blacks was finally realized when in 1954 the Brown v. Board of Education overturned the Plessey v. Ferguson case. In 1964 there was there was the Civil Rights equal protection laws passed to make discrimination illegal were the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title II and VII of which forbid racial discrimination in " habitual accommodations" and race and sex discrimination in employment, respectively and the 1965 Voting Rights Act adopted after Congress found "that racial discrimination in pick out was an insidious and pervasive evil which had been perpetuated in certain parts of the country through unremitting and ingenious defiance of the Constitution.

Women and the American Revolution Essay -- Essays on American Revoluti

Women gener whollyy did not fight in the revolution, and the traditional status of Eighteenth Century women meant that they were not in public able to participate fully in the debates over the revolution. However, in their make sphere, and sometimes out of it, woman participated fully in the revolution in all the ways that their status and custom allowed.As the public debate over the Townshend Acts grew more virulent, women showed their support for the cause of freedom by engaging in genuine "feminine" pursuits. A common practice was to publicly ban English imports, especially tea, from their homes. Creating homespun, that is, the tedious creation of homemade fabric from spinning and weaving their own cloth, was another public way of showing support for the cause of freedom.During the American Revolution, many women were directly affected by the fighting since their father or brothers or husband or sons were off fighting. This meant that the women often had to take full r esponsibility for the family farm or business. More and more women became "deputy husbands" and represented the family in legitimate or commercial transactions. In some instances, as the fighting came close to their lands, women even had to take up arms to defend their person or billet when the occasion demanded. Several women in Groton, Massachussetts, put on their husbands clothing, armed themselves with muskets and pitchforks and defended the Nashua River Bridge. They captured a notoriou...

The Art Department is Essential for Student Expression :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Art Dep nontextual matterment is Essential for Student ExpressionWalking down the halls of the school, students ar never at a loss for something to look at. The walls of the school are constantly plastered with posters and fliers. More importantly, though, there are the products of the schools art segment. The paintings, drawings, sketches and photographs turn bland walls into something to be admired and awed by everyone. And none of these would be possible without the art department. The pictures on the wall are not the and things that the department offers the school though. It provides student artists with a chance to enhance their talents. It provides the artists with training in various media including acrylic paints, chalk pastels, clay, photography, and much, much more. Through their artwork, the students can infract an extension of their voice and express themselves visually. The art department also displays student artwork throughout the building for the faculty and the community so that everyone recognizes the efforts and skills of the students. Unfortunately, undue prohibit light has been shed on the department within the past month. It is unfortunate to think that all of the accomplishments of the student artists and the teachers could be so quickly forgotten because of xv controversial drawings in the hallway. For fifteen years, the art teachers have displayed the bare torso drawings in the hallways with no complaints from the community, but after a single complaint from a board member this year, the principal demanded that the art teachers remove the drawings from the wall. Suddenly, the art department acquired a bad name simply because one person thought that drawings of nude statues were inappropriate. How is it possible that with one comment from one person, people forget how often the art department has gone above and beyond the call of duty to serve the school? The department benefits more than just its own students. It affects th e entire student body and the community itself. Several major projects have been sponsored and carried out by the department. wizard of those projects was a traveling exhibit celebrating cultural diversity. This project was done in conjunction with Parsons School of Design in New York. The department also participated in the Violence Project. For this, students created visual artwork and wrote essays and poems dealing with violence in American culture. This project was done in conjunction with the group called Parents of kill Children.

The Art Department is Essential for Student Expression :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Art Department is Essential for Student Expression travel down the halls of the schooling, students atomic number 18 never at a loss for something to look at. The walls of the school are constantly plastered with posters and fliers. More importantly, though, there are the products of the schools art department. The paintings, drawings, sketches and photographs turn bland walls into something to be admired and awed by everyone. And none of these would be possible with extinct the art department. The pictures on the wall are not the only things that the department offers the school though. It provides student artists with a chance to enhance their talents. It provides the artists with training in various media including acrylic paints, chalk pastels, clay, photography, and much, much more. with their artwork, the students can develop an extension of their voice and express themselves visually. The art department also displays student artwork throughout the building for the facult y and the community so that everyone recognizes the efforts and skills of the students. Unfortunately, undue negative light has been shed on the department within the past month. It is unfortunate to think that all of the accomplishments of the student artists and the teachers could be so readily forgotten because of fifteen controversial drawings in the hallway. For fifteen years, the art teachers have displayed the nude torso drawings in the hallways with no complaints from the community, but after a private complaint from a board member this year, the principal demanded that the art teachers remove the drawings from the wall. Suddenly, the art department acquired a bad name simply because one psyche thought that drawings of nude statues were inappropriate. How is it possible that with one comment from one person, people forget how often the art department has gone above and beyond the call back of duty to help the school? The department benefits more than just its own student s. It affects the entire student body and the community itself. Several major projects have been sponsored and carried out by the department. One of those projects was a traveling exhibit celebrating cultural diversity. This project was done in lodge with Parsons School of Design in New York. The department also participated in the Violence Project. For this, students created visual artwork and wrote essays and poems dealing with violence in American culture. This project was done in conjunction with the group called Parents of Murdered Children.

Payment security Essay

A occupancy going online nookie face many diffuculties. These problems take on payment security system department unfamiliar markets errors in ensn being loss of face-to-face information droveile attacks keeping the web post up-to-date language problems/issues hardw be failure provideing issues and financial issues.Payment pledgeWhen a customer buys a product by either debt or honorable mention card they be be trusting the business with their personal expound to be kept safe and confidentioal. Sellers atomic number 18 excessively non safe because they could be a victim of Card not Pre move (CNP) mockery, this is where someone is using someone elses card details to buy goods online. They may non assume the card physically on them, but all they need is bonnie the details of the card to be able to purchase. This evict be kept safe by specific security standards. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) this encrypts the information in a web browser eg Internet Explorer which pr otects the consumers who can see a padlock symbol and withal a https on the address bar.SET (Secure Electronic Transfer) in like manner protects the seller since the credit card company authorises the card to prove that the person using the card is legitimate. The seller does not live on the card number, only to the cards issuance bank. unacquainted(predicate) MarketsThis is where a web beate is available e realwhere and the company could be dealing with consumers in unfamiliar markets. Also with different cultural expectations, accuring with unfamiliar regulations and also sound requirements should be dealt with. The business may not understand the popularity of its website, or the number of orders it ordain receive or up to now the costs of running the online operations or more so the distributing goods. If the business doesnt meet orders promptly it pull up stakes rapidly lose customers and may even be left with unsold wrinkle or even struggle to repay silver borrowed t o be able to finance the website development.Errors in gildOrder forms online are to be designed to mechanically check fot any errors by questioning unexpected entries and boxes left blank. Also they should be designed to remind the consumer if they leave erupt any information deprivation of personal informationAn online compay is not allowed to put private information on its website or reveal customer details to other customers or shoters. This is why websites include a privacy policy which says how customer information is used by only the business. All companys that keep and also process private information must register with the Information Commissioners Office and have to follow with the Data Protection Act 1998 which means that the data must be all accurate, inviolate and should not be kept for longer than necessary. in that respect are manu aways data can be lost like through human error, hardware failure, or loss or theft and software corruption as well as computer viru s. A daily system back-ups a business to modify the reinstall in its system within 24 hours of any problem occurring.Hostile attacksBusiness are vulnerable to hackers or other types of cybercrime. Financial fraud occurs when a customer or business is denied of money that is theirs.Keeping the website up-to-dateBusinessess need to update their website from time to time to make sure that the information they have is accurate and reliable eg product descriptions and prices. All companies have a legal requirement to provide pricise and up to date information. Most websites have a disavowal clause to protect the problem if a customer takes action based on wrong information.Language problems/issuesSome buyers from multinational online business may not understand. These can be fixed by the firms using a local agent who specialises in overseas sales or they can have enquiries translated by an expert.Hardware failureAll people who use computers depend on their Internet Service Provider. If that is lost, then it can cause many problems for the business especially if its offline for long. Many businesses have back-up servers that they can switch if one server goes d confess. Software problems may be caused by scheduling errors or through a virus. To stop this the, business installs an anti-virus software and network security.Staffing IssuesStaff may be concerned that their jobs could be changed or disappear. Most companises have a call center field to answer customer queries. The rung now may feel that they may not have a good deal personal contact with consumers as they now can order things online or email the company if they want information or they could contact a call centre if they have a question.Financial IssuesHaving to plume up a sharp website can be done not very high priced but companies who like to carry out big amounts of companies online or use their website as a extreamly important way of promoting their business can be expensive. Also, having to cal culate the estimated financial benefits is hard. The set-up expenses includes having to register the domain name, to be able to arrang for an ISP to host the site (if not being done in-house), having to pay the agency having specialists to design the website, the marketing and promotional costs (so that potential customers can acknowledge the website) and is nessary any staff training requirements.All companies go online to make more trade. There may be a problem if there is a massive flow of take in the business. This could cause the site to crash or can make it run slowly and if there is not much stock or very few staff to process them, then the orders and enquiries may not be dealt with. Just simply by buying more stock or even employing more staff could result in a bad cash-flow problems. If the business gets a bad reputation online, it will lose customers rather than gain any. job 2 (P6, M2)Business benefitsThe market research information from online enquires are all obtained and looked over for many different reasons. The logs and cookies collect all the information on site usage eventhough users can see their browsers to close the cookies and also many sites dont use them. Logs, however, are made by all websites this is because they are the records that are created by the web server. Records include the number of hits it has made, the number of visitors it had or even unique users to a website, and how long they have stayed on the site. Some ISPs look at their log file data for consumers while others provide a software and the compnay produces its own reports. Registration forms also allowe the business to find out about the who is tour their site, where the peson lives and also what they need.The onnline market research can go from small pop-up questionnaires (which assess a users online experience) to produce longer customer service questionnaires which is sent by email and then once they are completed, they are looked at to provide more market infor mation. The website activity software finds which search engines get customers onto the website also which pages are popular and also which landing pages result in users going off the website eg a lengthy form or even registration page. Having doorway to a whole new markets can include having a remote locations such as rural areas or even Highlands and the Islands of Scotland (if they have Internet access).A new markets could also have customers which have disabilities who may have problems(mobility) or customers who are recovering from surgery or who camt go out as they are ill with a cold or flu. So having the internet provides easy and quicker access to a erect range of information and fine priced products from their own homes. Under the Disability Discrimination Act, people in charge of websites are to have legal duty to make sure that the services they give on the Internet is available for disabled people.Customers which have travel difficulties e.g. mothers with young babies , the elderly. Meaning that the customers will not be able to go the shops physically as to the incommodiousness it would cause them so it would be suitable for them to buy online. It would also be quicker and easier to buy things online and also receive information from the Internet. Having access from a ample range of devices can also make site be viewed from anywhere. Phones with internet accses, laptops and a Wi-Fi hotspot when they are not at home.Customer BenefitsHaving a wider quality is a great benefit for people who live in small town or even rural areas as they are able to view information online and they can also see what goods are available in store as they dont live in places the stores arent available. stratagem is a massive benefit because having the internet, it is more easier to search and to order online than to have to travel to the shop. All online businesses are also very beneficial to the people who stick home late from their work or those who are simply t oo busy in the day to shop.Websites that are available 24/7 helps those who arebusy as it would be easier for them to order online to make their life less stress. It also benefits busy families as all they need to so is simply sit with their computer/phone/laptop and just shop there and then. People with disabilities or special needs can also benefit from the online businesses as they also dont have to go to the shops for hours just to look for one thing as they may get tired, so online businesses make their life easier. There are several ways to pay securely eg over the internet, through log details and PayPal.Task 3 (D2)RisksSolutionsPayment securityImproving the security of the cardholder they have entered the correct pin number, also asking them what their last payment on the card was to make sure it is the actual cardholder before any confirmations Unfamiliar marketsHaving an cream where your website is available in many different languages . Also having the currency of diffe rent countries.Errors in orderingHaving a database where you can store all the customers details eg name, address, order and shipping date this will prevent any mix up with the orders. Making sure all the correct orders are going to the ripe address, the staff should always double check before they ship goods and also after the delivery staff should alwaysa ask the customer if they ordered the goods.Loss of personal informationWebsites should never put personal information on the website as other users can see. All personal deatils should be kept confidential. Do not give personal information in emails and all customer details should be all kept in a secure files or database.Not keeping the website up to dateIf there is a new offer, or even price reduction, websites should include or change it in their website. In order for them to achieve this, the owner ofthe website will have to check up on the website everyday for atleast a few hours to sort any a la mode(p) information out and to also keep customers update to their products. If they do this, websites will become known for its reliability.Hardware failureBackup server is when the main server is down it can help prevent any hardware failure. Also making sure you have antivirus on the website and a network security which helps because there could be programming errors or even viruses that could potentionally change or delete information.Staffing issuesIn call centres, the staff can offer a call centre in which it attendant people and also trained staff can talk to customers so they can resolve any faults or connection problems. To get aways from having not much of personal contact with customers, staff should always stay and help the customers out. If they start off helping at first they then can build a better trust with them. Staff can also keep in touch with the customers and also stay with them until all their purchase is complete. To avoid any staff being unable to work with the technology, you can ma ke sure all staff are capable with all the latest technology.Financial issuesHaving a small business can be a good thing as you wont have to be spending as much money and you would also have a bigger income in which it can help you expand your business and it can also prevent you from having any financial issues in the future. If you start with a big business, you may not be getting much interaction and instead of making any profit, youll be making a loss instead. Therefore, starting out as a small business is the best way to avoid any financial issues. The business may turn over to much for their stock where there is not much for it this can impact on the company as it then will be making a loss. To prevent any of this, you may want to estimate very logically and sensibly.Payment SecurityThis method help as you are able to know for sure who you are actually dealing with the real cardholder and to also avoid any fraud. Thelikeliness of the problem going down is high as you will nee d a pin number as well as a security question if you are to forget it.Unfamiliar marketsThis method helps as it is available to different people all around the world. The likeliness of the problem going down is likely as you are sure that you have the option available just in case you do get someone not from the country that is viewing website.Errors in orderingThe solution to having errors in ordering will decrease the risk as having a database with the customers name, an order and a order number and address will reduce the risk. This will make sure that the staff will know exactly who is ordering and what they have bought.Loss of personal informationFrom having anything lost it should be be stored somewhere private where its not available for the public eye. It can be reduced and also the effectiveness of the method is good as long as information on the business website has nothing personal and is kept private.Not keeping the website up to date Customers will know always know the latest information and changes in your business. This is very important as it will help in the success of the business going online as the customers will feel that the business is reliable and up-to-date.Hardware failureHaving a hardware and protecting it well and also a back up system will be a very good way of reducing the risks from hardware. Using these methods to solve the problem is effective for a business. This will effect as having a back up copy of all the information if it gets lost or deleted.Staffing issuesThe method for staffing issues are that the staff are able to communicate better with the customers and also have more of a personal approach with them, e.g. emailing requesting orders or deliveries. With the solution it is likely that the risk will reduce if staff has a personal email in which they are able to contact customers individually.Financial issuesTo not have problems of facing financial issues, by starting a small business instead of a large one can still b e very beneficial. It is very likely that a business will not go into financial issues and will also not have to suffer from.

Meaning of a Monologue from Hamlet

The proverb means one should be true to oneself. One should try to ask his own identity by being himself or herself. This line is a monologue by Polonium, one of the characters of William Shakespe atomic number 18an Hamlet. This line requests/ advices a somebody to be truthful in his life. By engaging oneself into self deception, one will only lead his way to menace. The only way to success is finished an honest and straightforward life. If we are honest then automatically we will get the friendship of honest people.We all have different thoughts and hopes. All the thoughts and hopes are very different and does not match with others. We also call all these thoughts and hopes as dreams. Our dream can be anything. The dream we see must be real and not some thin which Is Inappeasable on earth. A person can dream of being a dancer or a singer or a swimmer or a cyclist or a runner or a tennis champion or a artist or a cinema artist and these dreams are Just endless. Hen a child see a dr eam which moms very fuddled and a attachment rises to our heart. We start our Journey of being of what we have dreamt. We try our best to be successful. These dreams are not as easy as It looks. The move has a lot obstacles In Its path but Is our dream Is real then no one In the world can stop us for making a goal to our alms. A very Important thing Is trust In yourself. Elf this trust Is there then we will never lose a competition. So as a fact we should never stop Instead continue walking Into our life.

Little Ice Age

europium had experienced a general cooling of the clime in the midst of years 1150 and 1460 and a very cold climate between 1560 and 1850. This event came to be known as the comminuted meth long time. This cold hold up had refer on agriculture, health, economics, emigration, and art and literature . The term Little Ice old age was named by Francois Matthes in 1939 to describe the most destructive climate switch in Europe. This frappe eon was consisted of mountain glaciers which brought temperatures as low as 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Numerous bulk got sick and some were even killed and starved to last be parkway of a famine.Farms and villages were lost due to the cold weather. It is unknown on what caused this Little Ice Age. We do know that this event impacted the people living in Europe. Many people have spotted bring out that the fair weatherspot activity during this time peak was low. This rare occurrence of sunspots triggered a cold sun, also the numerous volcanic eruptions which then turned into an ice age. Imagine the fog hugging the ocean waters, cold winds coming in from the north, no horizon, no boundary between the sea and sky, land is frozen, and there you are gazing at a futureless cosmos.Although The Little Ice Age was not a true ice age because it didnt last long enough to cause ice sheets to enhance larger, but it did change the daily life in Europe. At the conclusion of the chivalrous Warm Period, the ice age make Iceland and Greenland attractive colonies for mankindy Europeans to emigrate to due to the lack of food and cold temperatures. Even schools of cod, tilt were forced out into the western Atlantic Ocean due to the frigid water temperature. Pilgrims followed the cod down the coast of North America settling on Cape Cod.Population change magnitude in Europe during the warm period which left a large amount of people starving and dying during the first year of The Little Ice Age, due to famine. Rain was harsh during this time, it drenched the farmlands. To overcome this dilemma, farmers had plowed soils with long furrows, creating fields that absorbed large amounts of rain without doing a lot drainage problems. After it was clean the land became a muddy wilderness. The crops were flattened where they grew. Europeans needed to find a new way to rely on food. One way in percenticular, was corner bark was made into bread.No longer were they able to rely on crops due to the flooded and frozen grounds. The frozen conditions led farmers to lose their cattle, players could no longer hunt for food, and fisherman could no longer fish for food. Villages of people subcommed to the famine. The famine outbreak occurred between the years of 1315-1317 where over 25 million people died from famine or famine related diseases. One in particular known as Black Death. Many of the hungry were also killed by famine diarrhea. This condition was resulted from fallacious nutrition and changes in the intestines that up set the water and salt balance in the body.The people of Europe were forced to eat the flesh of dead animals as part of their survival. The hungry would abandon their homes and villages and go to hospitals and sometimes even crowded prisons just to survive. In doing so, the large studyity of people also brought on legion(predicate) new(prenominal) infectious diseases. People huddled together for warmth. When people died their clothes, including their underwear, were passed on to other people. When these people left their homes they only left with what they wore on their backs. In addition to the impact The Little Ice Age had on human survival, it had a large impact on economics.Increasing grain prices with lower wine business greatly abnormal the income of many. Property values and loss of taxes were at a decline . Population was increasingly declining due to the famine. With all these factors many of the people bugger offed much hardship. The lack of production in Europe caus ed other countries to have bidding wars against one other for cargos of food and imports. The Little Ice Age, caused many people to flee Europe in search of better living habitats and survival strategies. This ice age not only affected humans, but also the wildlife and everything around it.The plants enzymes are failing them and their root are struggling to find a way through the frozen soil. These plants cant grow and principal(prenominal)tain themselves in these conditions. Pollination is nearly unsurmountable during this time. The plants arent able to give off much oxygen into the atmosphere, which we breathe in. The true impact of The Little Ice Age began around 1600 and lasted until the 1800s. During that time in Europe is when it was at its height. It was considered to be the most significant climate event of the last millennium.Only until recently have climatologist discovered research of climate conditions in historical times. As stated before, no one is quite sure how T he Little Ice Age evolved. Climatologist and historians have had many discussions on what they think was the main cause of the ice age. Today they are able to determine the yearly average temperatures, rainfalls, volcanic activity, and the effect of the sun during that period . What we know is that the sun experienced a quiet period, meaning its intensity was not that strong. Therefore, a cooling occurred.Sunspots which determine the suns strength were noted to be in decline. Volcanic activity is to be some other known source of the cause. As the volcanoes erupted they shot out particles and gases into the oxygenise. With these gases floating in the air it led to an event called the aerosol effect. This had reduced the amount of heat by reflecting it back into space. Europe was not able to get direct sunlight so temperatures dropped. An unscientific way that climatologists were able to determine how extreme the temperatures were and how frigid the air felt was through art.They wer e also able to determine through these paintings when the colder air was beginning to lift. An interesting fact regarding the ice age is the paintings that were done during that time. Artists depicted people wearing warm winter clothes, all bundled up, and landscapes were covered in snow and ice. The theme of the paintings ended once the climate was starting to get warmer. A man once had studied more than 12,000 paintings in 41 art museums in the United States and 8 European countries to test if this hypothesis was true that these paintings would accurately publish the climate.He looked at the color of the clouds and sky in these paintings. By doing this scientist were able to tell when The Little Ice Age was at its peak and how cold it was then. The impact that The Little Ice Age had on neighboring countries such as Greenland and Iceland were extremely dramatic. Greenland, prior to The Little Ice Age, was free of packed ice and Norse Settlements were fountainhead established in th e region. During The Little Ice Age, as the temperatures changed and plummeted, Greenland suffered considerably.Increased hardship for families, animals, and agriculture, all do to the conditions The Little Ice Age, brought along. This included flooding and storminess. The Little Ice Age caused major economic disruption throughout Europe. Ice covered seas made voyages extremely difficult. Settlements were either abandoned or died out when temperatures were at only 2 degrees. In the Norse Settlements, archeologists have discovered the clothing on the bodies of the buried to be in remarkably good shape due to the frozen grounds. Iceland was another country that suffered greatly.Since the fourteenth centaury Icelands major economic contributor has been exporting fish. Harsh winter temperatures made it nearly impossible to sustain this industry. Icelanders fished from open boats, not far from land, and tried to survive on local farming relatives that lived close to shore. With the popul ation of 50,000 between the years of 1750-1758, 17,000 people died of hunger or disease. Irelands main source of income and stability in their country was the import and export of potatoes. Ireland had adopted the potato from America.Irish farm workers ate nothing else besides potatoes. Later on, the people of Ireland would suffer the worst due to the worst famine Ireland had ever experienced. We need to understand that the ice age has proven to have affected millions of people in the world and many countries. Starvation, hunger, crime, economic hardship, and settlements that were lost were all due to a period in time that we still dont know too much about. What The Little Ice Age did to many parts of Europe has, and leave change the future events that will go on. Because of the ice age tree senior high have been altered.Many trees have gone, so the ones that are left are not as big as they used to be. This means the people of Europe will have little supply of wood to be able to m ake things such as furniture and paper. The disappearance of animals will be affected. Many fish such as cod have traveled to different waters around the world. This lowers the population of fish in Europe which hurts fisherman, trade, business, and food supply. Also that many animals have died and decomposed into the ground, it leaves hunters empty handed with fur to use as clothing and trade.Europe also suffers agriculturally. The harvest supplies that were destroyed during the ice age have led Europe to a decline in crop production today, such as cotton. If warming trends continue in Europe, growing seasons will lengthen, and wine vineyards will be established again in England. Many people have questioned as to whether the Little Ice Age will happen again. For hundreds of years, scientists have been observing the sun, examining the sun spots, wondering if the ice age could happen again. The scientist are discussing that the number of sun spots should be increasing.Human made gree nhouses that help release carbon dioxide is a major factor in keeping the atmosphere warm. In addition, the ocean plays a tremendous part in keeping the climate on track. If melting ice caps and glaciers off of Greenland flows into the Northern Atlantic, it will fill up down the Gulf Stream, also known as the Great Conveyer. In this situation, the icy cold water would shut down the Gulf Stream, which now keeps Europe warm. Worst case scenario would be a full blown ice age or a period of harsh winters. Now, if the warming continues and keeps progressing on the right path, then the growing seasons in Europe will lengthen.This is important because the majority of European citizens depend on this to grow food that they need for the upcoming seasons. Farms will be cleared to be closer to the Arctic Circle. In this area the sun is visible through the spend and does not set. Farmers cant stress enough about having sun on their farm. It is crucial in their growth of their crops. The peop le of Europe had come a long way to deal with this ice age. Some of the things that they did were to migrate to other countries, away from the cold temperatures, and build houses that were together so that they could keep warm and not disrupt their family relation.If we keep building greenhouse affects and burn fossil fuels, Europe may be able to recover fully and successfully. If The Little Ice Age has taught us anything, it is that climate change and weather are unpredictable, and we should always be prepared for any sudden shift in change. This was the Europeans story of how climate made history. http//science. jrank. org/pages/47813/Little-Ice-Age. html http//www. geocraft. com/WVFossils/ice_ages. html http//www. commondreams. org/views04/0130-11. htm

Compassion International Speech Outline

Bridgette Woodcock Prof. Roche THE 113 Speech 21 February 2013 kindness International nestling Sponsorship Introduction (Play video) 1 (Provide two statistics) Did you ever think you could change the demeanor story of the weak and vulnerable? Well, you can Today, I want to share with you the importance of what you can do to change a childs story. 2 Today, numerous children are living in poverty and exploitation. Many of those places are within the 26 poorest countries that Compassion International serves. Compassion is well known and employ by celebrities and other national foundations. 4 Compassion uses a holistic method of child development 5 An average person can derogate and eliminate the exploitation and poverty through the organization Compassion International. Child sponsorship lifts children out of poverty/exploitation. 1 Fox News. com reported, In Brazils poorest regions, spawns, many of whom are stuck in the sex trade, often push their own daughters into the business at age 12 or younger to increase the familys meager income (para. ). 2 Compassion Serves in 26 Developing Countries, 19 were placed in the Tier 2 category (governments who dont fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) (para. 3-4). 3 Compassion International takes a long-term strategy by tackling the underlying issues that make child incarceration possible. Prevention through education, care and nurture is how we (Compassion) work to protect all of the 1. 2 million children we (Compassion) serve near the world (para. ). Is child sponsorship with Compassion actual/legitimate? 1 Yes Compassion is independently audited by several agencies including Charity Navigator 4 star ranking for 11 consecutive years, Chronicle of unselfishnesss Top Rated Charity-23 on Top 400 list, Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance, Forbes ranks it as 15 on its Largest Charities List, and Non-Profit Times ranks Compassion as 30 on its Top 100 List. 2 Been in Business since 195 2. Sponsors may visit their children, write letters, send cards and give extra above the sponsorship, which 100% of donation goes directly to that child and his/her family. Over 87% of $38. 00 sponsorship donation goes to the child & childs center to let school fees, books, educational materials, clothing, food, health care, counseling, and activities. Holistic method of child development 1 Child Survival Program (Birth to age 2 and mothers) Begins when a mother is still pregnant, provides nutrition, medical assistance, parental education, and social support for both mothers and caregivers to help them succeed the first few years of the childs life. 2 Child Sponsorship Program (Age 2-10-new registrations- existing children to age 18) 1 Sponsorship is a unique way for one person to have a life-changing effort on poverty around the world by sponsoring a child in poverty. 3 Complementary Interventions (All ages- operations, flooding, mosquito nets, water) Divided into two areas Suppl emental development activites (medical, nutritional, and educational assistance, AIDS prevention, Malaria prevention) and Program enhancement Activities (disaster response, water projects, income-generating activities, and infrastructure development). 4 Leadership Development Program (college students) 1 Gives students the opportunity to develop their gifts and become skilled professionals and leaders of influence in their churches, communities, and nations. Conclusion- Partnering with Compassion is Affordable and Makes a Difference $38. 00 per month per child 2 Extra Donations Optional (Birthdays, Christmas, Family Gift) (no more than $1,000 per year, $2,000 in graduation year). 3 Forms a personal race with child 4 Limits child exposure to human slavery and poverty. Works Cited Compassion International. (2012). compassion. com. http//www. compassion. com/child-development-model. htm Hanlon, Mark. (2011). The new slaveryhuman trafficking. FoxNews. com. Retrieved February 20, 2013. www. foxnews. com/opinion/2011/09/15/new-slavery-human-trafficking.